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Mapuche conflict
Mapuche conflict is a collective name for the revival and reorganization of Mapuche communities for greater autonomy, recognition of rights and the recovery of land since the Chilean transition to democracy. The Mapuche conflict is a phenomenon mainly from Chile, but also from neighboring areas of Argentina. Demands revolve mainly around three themes: jurisdictional autonomy, return of ancestral lands and cultural identity.〔(Identidad y conflicto mapuche en los discursos de Longkos y Machis (IX Región - Chile) ), por Jorge Araya Anabalón〕〔(Conflicto mapuche y propuestas de autonomía mapuche ), por Javier Lavanchy〕 Historian Gonzalo Vial claims that a "historical debt" exists towards the Mapuche by the Republic of Chile, whereas the Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco aims at a national liberation of Mapuches.〔Foerster, Rolf 2001. Sociedad mapuche y sociedad chilena: la deuda histórica. ''Polis, Revista de la Universidad Bolivariana.〕
==Background==
The Mapuche conflict surfaced in the 1990s following the return of democracy.〔On the conflict before 1990 see Olaf Kaltmeier: Volkseinheit und ethnische Differenz. Mapuche-Bewegung und comunidades während der Regierung Salvador Allende, in:Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, Heft III/2003 (German Language).〕 The conflict started in areas inhabited mostly by Mapuches like the vicinities of Purén, where some indigenous communities have been demanding that certain lands they claim for their own but which are now the property of logging and farming companies and individuals be turned over to them.
Several Mapuche organizations are demanding the right of self-recognition in their quality of Indigenous peoples, as recognized under the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
The official 2002 Chilean census found 609,000 Chileans identifying themselves as Mapuches.〔 The same survey determined that 35 percent of the nation’s Mapuches think the biggest issue for the government to resolve relates to their ancestral properties.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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